Self-Determination Theory

Definition

Self-determination theory (SDT) is a psychological framework that focuses on intrinsic motivation and the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in driving human behavior. It suggests that people are more motivated to engage in activities when they feel they have control over their actions, feel capable, and experience meaningful connections with others. This theory connects deeply with historical perspectives on motivation, limitations of traditional theories like drive reduction, influences on eating behaviors, memory systems related to motivation, and social cognition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Self-determination theory emphasizes that fulfillment of the basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—leads to enhanced intrinsic motivation and well-being.
2. In contrast to drive reduction theory, which focuses on reducing physiological drives as motivation for behavior, self-determination theory highlights the role of psychological needs in motivation.
3. The theory has significant implications for understanding eating behaviors, suggesting that promoting autonomy in food choices can lead to healthier eating habits.
4. Research indicates that environments supporting autonomy and competence can enhance memory retention related to motivated behaviors, making learning more effective.
5. Self-determination theory also emphasizes the influence of social contexts on motivation, showing how social interactions can either support or undermine an individual's motivation.

Review Questions

• How does self-determination theory expand on traditional views of motivation, particularly in relation to drive reduction theory?
  • Self-determination theory expands on traditional views of motivation by emphasizing the role of intrinsic factors such as autonomy and competence rather than just focusing on the reduction of physiological drives. Unlike drive reduction theory, which posits that behavior is driven by the need to satisfy basic biological urges, self-determination theory suggests that fulfilling psychological needs is crucial for fostering genuine motivation. This shift highlights the importance of creating environments that nurture these psychological needs for optimal motivation and well-being.
• Discuss the impact of self-determination theory on understanding psychological influences on eating behaviors.
  • Self-determination theory impacts our understanding of eating behaviors by indicating that individuals are more likely to make healthier food choices when they experience a sense of autonomy in their dietary decisions. By allowing people to feel in control over their food choices and fostering an environment that promotes their competence, they are more motivated to engage in healthy eating patterns. This framework suggests that supportive social environments and strategies that emphasize personal choice can significantly influence dietary habits and overall health.
• Evaluate how self-determination theory integrates with memory systems involved in motivated behaviors and its implications for learning.
  • Self-determination theory integrates with memory systems by highlighting that when individuals feel autonomous and competent, they are more likely to engage deeply with learning materials, leading to better retention of information related to motivated behaviors. This connection implies that educational settings designed to support students' autonomy and competence can enhance memory performance and overall learning outcomes. The implications are significant: by creating environments where students feel empowered and capable, educators can improve not only motivation but also the effectiveness of learning processes.

Related terms

Intrinsic Motivation:

The drive to engage in an activity for its own sake, driven by personal satisfaction or interest rather than external rewards.

Autonomy: The sense of control and agency over one's actions and decisions, which is a core component of self-determination theory.

Competence: The feeling of being capable and effective in one's activities, contributing to motivation as per self-determination theory.