Type 2 diabetes

Definition

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. This condition is often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors, making it a significant public health issue. It contributes to various complications affecting multiple organ systems, including cardiovascular disease and neuropathy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in adults but is increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents due to rising obesity rates.
2. Lifestyle changes such as regular physical activity and a balanced diet can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and help manage or even reverse type 2 diabetes.
3. Medications such as metformin are commonly prescribed to help control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
4. Long-term complications of type 2 diabetes can include cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage, eye problems like retinopathy, and foot issues leading to infections.
5. Screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended for adults over 45 years or younger individuals with risk factors such as obesity or a family history of diabetes.

Review Questions

• How does insulin resistance play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes?
  • Insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes as it impairs the body's ability to use insulin effectively. This resistance means that even though the pancreas produces insulin, the cells do not respond appropriately, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Over time, this can cause the pancreas to work harder to produce more insulin, eventually resulting in beta-cell dysfunction and further contributing to the progression of type 2 diabetes.
• Discuss how metabolic syndrome is related to type 2 diabetes and its implications for health.
  • Metabolic syndrome encompasses a group of risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Individuals with metabolic syndrome typically present with abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose levels, and abnormal lipid profiles. This interconnectedness highlights the importance of addressing lifestyle factors and managing these risk factors proactively to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on overall health and quality of life.
  • Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes can lead to serious long-term health complications that significantly affect overall quality of life. Chronic hyperglycemia can result in damage to vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Individuals may experience debilitating symptoms like neuropathy pain or vision loss due to retinopathy. Furthermore, the psychological effects can also be profound, with individuals facing increased anxiety about managing their condition and potential complications. Effective management is crucial not just for physical health but also for enhancing life quality.

Related terms

Insulin Resistance: A condition where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to increased blood sugar levels.

Metabolic Syndrome:

A cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

HbA1c: A blood test that measures average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months, used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.