Type 2 Diabetes

Definition

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. This condition is often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic factors, making it a significant health issue in today's society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90-95% of all diabetes cases and is increasingly common worldwide due to rising obesity rates.
2. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme fatigue, and blurred vision; however, some individuals may be asymptomatic.
3. Management of type 2 diabetes typically involves lifestyle changes such as diet modification and increased physical activity, along with medications when necessary.
4. Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes can lead to long-term complications like heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems if not managed effectively.
5. Risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes include age, family history of diabetes, being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, and certain ethnic backgrounds.

Review Questions

• What mechanisms lead to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, and how does this affect blood glucose levels?
  • Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes occurs when the body's cells become less responsive to insulin due to factors such as excess fat accumulation, particularly around the abdomen. This resistance prevents glucose from entering cells efficiently, leading to increased levels of glucose in the bloodstream. As a result, the pancreas must produce more insulin to overcome this resistance, which can eventually lead to its dysfunction and contribute to worsening hyperglycemia.
• Discuss the role of lifestyle changes in managing type 2 diabetes and their impact on overall health.
  • Lifestyle changes play a critical role in managing type 2 diabetes by helping to improve insulin sensitivity and control blood sugar levels. Key changes include adopting a balanced diet low in refined sugars and high in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables while engaging in regular physical activity. These changes not only help manage diabetes but also reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improve overall well-being, enhancing quality of life for those affected by the condition.
• Evaluate the long-term complications associated with poorly managed type 2 diabetes and their implications for healthcare.
  • Poorly managed type 2 diabetes can lead to several long-term complications including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy (kidney damage), neuropathy (nerve damage), and retinopathy (eye damage). These complications significantly impact patients' quality of life and increase healthcare costs due to the need for ongoing treatment and management. Understanding these implications highlights the importance of early intervention and consistent management strategies to mitigate risks associated with this chronic condition.

Related terms

Insulin: A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Hyperglycemia: A condition characterized by excessively high levels of glucose in the blood, often seen in individuals with diabetes.

Metabolic Syndrome:

A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels.