Frankenstein

Definition

Frankenstein refers to both the title character in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel 'Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus' and the broader themes of creation and hubris in literature. The story explores the consequences of man's attempt to usurp the role of God by creating life, drawing connections to classical myths about creation and transgression. This narrative intertwines elements of science fiction with themes found in ancient mythology, reflecting societal anxieties about scientific advancements during the 19th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mary Shelley conceived Frankenstein when she was just 18 years old during a summer spent with Lord Byron and other writers, highlighting youthful exploration of philosophical ideas.
2. The novel is often regarded as one of the first science fiction works, raising questions about ethics in scientific experimentation that resonate with contemporary issues.
3. Frankenstein's creature is not given a name, emphasizing its status as a 'monster' and reflecting societal rejection based on appearance rather than intrinsic value.
4. The themes of isolation and abandonment are central to the story, showcasing how both Victor Frankenstein and his creation suffer from profound loneliness due to their choices.
5. The character of Victor Frankenstein embodies the archetype of the tragic hero, whose ambition ultimately leads to his destruction, mirroring the narratives of various mythological figures.

Review Questions

• How does Mary Shelley's Frankenstein reflect the theme of hubris found in classical mythology?
  • Frankenstein showcases hubris through the character of Victor Frankenstein, whose ambition leads him to create life without considering the consequences. This mirrors mythological figures like Prometheus, who also faced dire repercussions for overstepping boundaries set by divine authority. The novel serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of excessive pride in one’s own intellect and capabilities.
• Discuss the significance of the creature's lack of a name in Frankenstein and how it connects to themes from classical myths.
  • The creature's lack of a name symbolizes its status as an outsider, stripped of identity and humanity. This reflects themes found in classical myths where creations or beings are often marginalized or demonized due to their origins. By not naming the creature, Shelley underscores societal rejection based on superficial judgments, linking back to myths where characters like Golem also struggle with identity and acceptance.
• Evaluate how Frankenstein can be seen as a modern retelling of Prometheus' story, including its implications for 19th-century society.
  • Frankenstein can be interpreted as a modern retelling of Prometheus' tale by illustrating the consequences of defying natural limits through scientific innovation. Both stories grapple with themes of creation, responsibility, and retribution from higher powers. In 19th-century society, amidst rapid industrial advancement and shifting moral landscapes, Shelley's novel warns against unrestrained ambition and ethical neglect in pursuit of knowledge—echoing concerns about humanity's relationship with technology that still resonate today.

Related terms

Prometheus:

A figure from Greek mythology who stole fire from the gods and gave it to humanity, symbolizing defiance against divine authority and the quest for knowledge.

Hubris: Excessive pride or self-confidence, often leading to a downfall, which is a common theme in both classical mythology and Frankenstein's narrative.

Golem: A creature from Jewish folklore created from inanimate matter, often representing themes of creation and responsibility similar to those explored in Frankenstein.