Frankenstein

Definition

Frankenstein is a novel written by Mary Shelley, first published in 1818, that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist who creates a sentient creature through an unorthodox experiment. The narrative explores themes of ambition, responsibility, and the consequences of defying natural boundaries, reflecting the Romantic era's fascination with the sublime and the darker aspects of human experience.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' is often considered one of the first science fiction novels, blending elements of Gothic literature with Romantic themes.
2. The creature in 'Frankenstein' is often misunderstood and seeks companionship but is met with rejection due to its appearance, highlighting themes of isolation and societal judgment.
3. Shelley wrote 'Frankenstein' during a summer spent in Switzerland with notable literary figures, which contributed to the novel's themes of ambition and creativity.
4. The novel raises ethical questions about scientific exploration and responsibility, asking what it means to create life and the moral obligations that come with it.
5. 'Frankenstein' has inspired countless adaptations in film, theater, and popular culture, making it a foundational text for discussions about science, ethics, and identity.

Review Questions

• How does Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' reflect the characteristics of Gothic literature?
  • 'Frankenstein' embodies key features of Gothic literature through its exploration of horror and the supernatural. The dark settings, like the desolate Arctic landscape and Frankenstein's eerie laboratory, create an atmosphere of suspense. Additionally, themes of isolation, both physical and emotional—especially through the creature's experiences—enhance the sense of dread typical in Gothic narratives.
• Discuss how the theme of ambition in 'Frankenstein' connects to Romantic ideals.
  • 'Frankenstein' exemplifies Romantic ideals through its depiction of ambition as a double-edged sword. Victor Frankenstein's relentless pursuit of knowledge leads him to create life but also results in his destruction. This mirrors the Romantic emphasis on the individual's quest for greatness while warning against the potential perils of overreaching ambition. Shelley illustrates how unchecked ambition can result in tragic consequences not only for oneself but also for society.
• Evaluate the implications of scientific exploration presented in 'Frankenstein' and its relevance to contemporary discussions about ethics in science.
  • 'Frankenstein' presents complex implications regarding scientific exploration that remain relevant today. The novel questions the morality of playing God through Victor's creation of life without considering the consequences. This resonates with current debates surrounding genetic engineering and artificial intelligence. By illustrating Victor's regret and suffering due to his creation, Shelley urges readers to reflect on ethical responsibilities scientists hold in their pursuits, advocating for caution when venturing into unknown territories.

Related terms

Gothic Literature: A genre characterized by its focus on horror, death, and the supernatural, often set in dark, mysterious settings.

Prometheus: A figure from Greek mythology who defied the gods by stealing fire and giving it to humanity, symbolizing the quest for knowledge and the consequences of overreaching.

Romanticism:

An artistic and literary movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism, often as a reaction against the industrial revolution and rationalism.