Frankenstein

Definition

Frankenstein refers to both the iconic novel written by Mary Shelley and the creature that is central to its plot. The story explores themes of creation, responsibility, and the consequences of unchecked ambition, highlighting the tension between scientific advancement and ethical considerations. This narrative serves as a hallmark of Romantic literature, contrasting with the structured principles of Neoclassicism by emphasizing individual emotion and the sublime power of nature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mary Shelley wrote 'Frankenstein' when she was just 18 years old, inspired by a challenge to write a ghost story during a summer spent in Switzerland with poets Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley.
2. 'Frankenstein' is often considered one of the earliest examples of science fiction, exploring the implications of scientific experimentation and the moral responsibilities that come with creation.
3. The creature in 'Frankenstein' is frequently misunderstood; rather than being inherently evil, it seeks acceptance and companionship but is rejected due to its monstrous appearance.
4. The novel raises questions about what it means to be human and critiques the hubris associated with scientific advancement, reflecting anxieties of the Romantic era regarding industrialization and progress.
5. 'Frankenstein' has had a lasting impact on popular culture, leading to numerous adaptations in film, theater, and literature, reinforcing its status as a foundational work in both Gothic and Romantic traditions.

Review Questions

• How does Mary Shelley's portrayal of Victor Frankenstein reflect Romantic ideals about individual ambition and responsibility?
  • Victor Frankenstein embodies Romantic ideals through his intense ambition to conquer nature by creating life. However, his refusal to take responsibility for his creation leads to tragic consequences, illustrating the dangers of unchecked ambition. This conflict between aspiration and accountability highlights the Romantic emphasis on the individual’s emotional journey and ethical dilemmas in pursuit of knowledge.
• In what ways does 'Frankenstein' serve as a critique of Enlightenment rationalism while promoting Romantic values?
  • 'Frankenstein' critiques Enlightenment rationalism by demonstrating the potential horrors that can arise from cold scientific calculation without moral consideration. The novel promotes Romantic values by emphasizing emotion, nature, and the sublime experience over mere reason. This tension reflects a broader cultural shift during Shelley's time, where emotions were increasingly valued as essential to human experience.
• Evaluate how 'Frankenstein' engages with themes of creation and monstrosity in relation to societal fears during the early 19th century.
  • 'Frankenstein' engages deeply with themes of creation and monstrosity by reflecting societal fears surrounding rapid scientific advancements and industrialization during the early 19th century. The creature symbolizes not just a physical monstrosity but also represents humanity's fear of losing control over its creations. This reflects anxieties about technological progress potentially leading to dehumanization, making 'Frankenstein' an enduring commentary on the relationship between creator and creation amidst evolving societal values.

Related terms

Prometheus:

A figure from Greek mythology who stole fire from the gods and gave it to humanity, symbolizing the quest for knowledge and the potential consequences of defying divine authority.

Gothic Literature: A genre characterized by dark themes, supernatural elements, and an exploration of human emotions, often setting a backdrop for tales of horror and the uncanny.

Romanticism:

An artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, nature, and individualism as a response to the rationalism of the Enlightenment.