Neurons

Definition

Neurons are specialized cells within the nervous system that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. They play a crucial role in processing and transmitting data throughout the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neurons consist of three main parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon.
2. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to facilitate communication.
3. Myelin sheaths, produced by glial cells, insulate axons and speed up signal transmission.
4. There are three types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
5. Infections like meningitis or encephalitis can damage neurons, leading to severe neurological symptoms.

Review Questions

• What are the main structural components of a neuron?
• How do myelin sheaths affect neuron function?
• What types of neurons exist and what are their primary functions?

Related terms

Synapse:

The site where communication occurs between two neurons.

Neurotransmitter: Chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse.

Glial Cells:

Supportive cells in the nervous system that assist with insulation, nourishment, and protection of neurons.