Neurons

Definition

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. They play a crucial role in processing and transmitting information in the brain and throughout the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neurons require a constant supply of glucose for energy, as they have high metabolic demands.
2. Essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, are vital for maintaining neuronal membrane integrity and function.
3. Adequate levels of vitamins B6, B12, and folate are necessary for proper neuron function and neurotransmitter synthesis.
4. Antioxidants like vitamins E and C help protect neurons from oxidative stress and damage.
5. Imbalances or deficiencies in nutrients can lead to neurodegenerative diseases or impair cognitive functions.

Review Questions

• What types of nutrients are essential for maintaining neuronal health?
• How do antioxidants benefit neurons?
• What is the consequence of nutrient deficiencies on neuronal function?

Related terms

Synapse: The junction between two neurons where communication occurs via neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers released by neurons to transmit signals across synapses.

Glial Cells:

Supportive cells in the nervous system that provide structural support, protection, and nutrition to neurons.