Neurons

Definition

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical and chemical signals. They are essential for communication within the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
2. There are three main types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
3. Neurons communicate through synapses using neurotransmitters.
4. The myelin sheath around an axon increases the speed of signal transmission.
5. Action potentials are rapid changes in membrane potential that propagate along the axon.

Review Questions

• What are the main structural components of a neuron?
• How do neurons communicate with each other?
• What role does the myelin sheath play in neuron function?

Related terms

Synapse:

A junction where neurons communicate with other neurons or target cells.

Neurotransmitter: Chemical substances released at synapses to transmit signals between neurons.

Action Potential:

A rapid electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron.