Glial cells

Definition

Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems that provide support and protection for neurons. They play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin, and providing support and protection for neurons.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glial cells outnumber neurons in the human brain by about 10 to 1.
2. There are several types of glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells.
3. Astrocytes help maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate blood flow.
4. Microglia act as the main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system.
5. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of astrocytes within the nervous system?
• Which type of glial cell is involved in immune defense within the central nervous system?
• How do oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells?

Related terms

Neuron:

A nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses throughout the body.

Myelin: A fatty substance that surrounds axons to increase the speed at which electrical impulses travel.

Blood-Brain Barrier:

A selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from potentially harmful substances in the bloodstream.