Les misérables

Definition

Les Misérables is a novel written by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that tells the story of several characters struggling for redemption and justice in post-revolutionary France. The work explores themes of morality, social injustice, and the human condition, embodying the spirit of French Romanticism through its focus on individual emotions and moral dilemmas against a backdrop of societal change.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Les Misérables was published during a time of political turmoil in France, reflecting the struggles of the lower classes and the need for social reform.
2. The character of Jean Valjean is central to the story, symbolizing the journey from despair to redemption as he seeks to overcome his past as an ex-convict.
3. The novel features a diverse cast of characters, each representing different aspects of society, including Fantine, Cosette, Javert, and Marius.
4. Hugo's narrative style incorporates vivid descriptions and dramatic scenes that evoke deep emotional responses, characteristic of Romantic literature.
5. Les Misérables has been adapted into various forms of media, including films, musicals, and stage productions, demonstrating its lasting impact on culture.

Review Questions

• How does Les Misérables exemplify the principles of Romanticism through its characters and themes?
  • Les Misérables showcases Romanticism by deeply exploring the emotional lives and moral struggles of its characters. For instance, Jean Valjean's journey highlights personal redemption and compassion in a society marked by injustice. The novel's focus on individual experiences against broader social issues reflects Romantic ideals about the importance of personal feelings and moral complexity.
• Discuss how Victor Hugo uses Les Misérables to address social injustices in 19th-century France.
  • Victor Hugo utilizes Les Misérables to expose the harsh realities faced by the poor in 19th-century France. Through characters like Fantine and Jean Valjean, he illustrates systemic issues such as poverty, child exploitation, and the lack of compassion from society. Hugo’s portrayal of these injustices serves as a powerful critique of contemporary social structures while advocating for reform and empathy towards the marginalized.
• Evaluate the lasting cultural impact of Les Misérables on literature and art since its publication.
  • Since its publication, Les Misérables has profoundly influenced literature and art by introducing themes of social justice and human dignity. The novel's adaptations into musicals and films have broadened its reach, bringing Hugo's messages to new audiences across generations. This enduring legacy reflects how Les Misérables continues to inspire discussions about morality, justice, and compassion in society.

Related terms

Victor Hugo:

A renowned French writer, poet, and playwright who is best known for his works in the Romantic movement, including Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.

Romanticism:

An artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and nature as a reaction against the Enlightenment's focus on reason and logic.

Social Justice: A concept that advocates for fair treatment and an equitable distribution of resources and opportunities within society, which is a central theme in Les Misérables.