Les misérables

Definition

'Les Misérables' is a novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1862, that tells the story of several characters, primarily focusing on the struggles of Jean Valjean, an ex-convict seeking redemption. This work captures the social injustices and moral complexities of 19th-century France, reflecting themes of love, sacrifice, and the quest for justice. The narrative intertwines the lives of characters like Fantine and Javert, illustrating how personal choices affect larger societal issues, making it a key example of Romantic prose literature.'

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Les Misérables' is divided into five volumes, each exploring different aspects of society and morality through the lives of its characters.
2. 'The character of Jean Valjean embodies the struggle for redemption, illustrating how one's past can haunt them while they strive to become a better person.'
3. 'Hugo uses the backdrop of historical events, like the June Rebellion of 1832, to enrich the story and comment on broader social issues facing France during that time.'
4. 'The novel is known for its deep philosophical musings on law, justice, and compassion, contrasting the rigid legalism represented by Inspector Javert with Valjean's moral transformation.'
5. 'The themes of love and sacrifice are prevalent throughout the novel, particularly in the relationships between Valjean and Cosette, as well as Fantine's sacrifices for her daughter.'

Review Questions

• How does Victor Hugo portray social injustice in 'Les Misérables', and what impact does this have on character development?
  • 'Victor Hugo highlights social injustice through the harsh realities faced by characters like Fantine and Jean Valjean. Fantine's descent into poverty due to societal pressures showcases how systemic failures can destroy individuals. This portrayal allows for significant character development as Valjean transforms from a hardened ex-convict into a compassionate father figure, illustrating how personal circumstances shape one’s identity and moral choices.'
• Discuss how 'Les Misérables' reflects the ideals of Romanticism through its themes and character arcs.
  • ''Les Misérables' exemplifies Romanticism through its focus on emotion, individual experience, and moral complexity. The intense emotional struggles of characters like Jean Valjean highlight personal transformation amid societal decay. Additionally, Hugo’s lush descriptions of Parisian landscapes contribute to a sense of place that emphasizes emotion over reason. These elements create a rich tapestry that embodies Romantic ideals, making it a timeless exploration of human experience.'
• Evaluate the significance of Jean Valjean's character journey in 'Les Misérables' as a reflection of larger social themes within 19th-century France.
  • 'Jean Valjean's journey from convict to benevolent protector serves as a powerful microcosm of larger social themes in 19th-century France. His transformation reflects not only personal redemption but also critiques the rigidity of societal laws that fail to account for human compassion. Valjean’s struggles reveal how deeply entrenched social injustices affect individual lives, thus encouraging readers to reflect on the need for empathy and reform within their own societies. By highlighting these interconnected struggles, Hugo presents a compelling argument for social change rooted in understanding and kindness.'

Related terms

Romanticism:

'An artistic and literary movement that emphasized emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature, reacting against the rationalism of the Enlightenment.'

Social Critique: 'An analysis or commentary that seeks to highlight and address social issues and injustices within a given society, often aiming for reform or change.'

Character Development: 'The process by which characters in a narrative undergo significant changes or growth throughout the story, often driven by personal experiences and challenges.'