Hyperparathyroidism

Definition

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. This leads to elevated levels of calcium in the blood, which can affect various bodily functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Primary hyperparathyroidism often results from a benign tumor called an adenoma on one of the parathyroid glands.
2. Symptoms may include bone pain, kidney stones, fatigue, depression, and gastrointestinal issues.
3. Treatment options include surgical removal of the affected gland(s), medications to manage symptoms, and lifestyle changes to control calcium levels.
4. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by chronic kidney disease or vitamin D deficiency leading to low calcium levels that stimulate overproduction of PTH.
5. Pharmacological treatments may involve calcimimetics, bisphosphonates, or vitamin D analogs.

Review Questions

• What are common symptoms associated with hyperparathyroidism?
• How does primary differ from secondary hyperparathyroidism in terms of cause?
• What are some pharmacological treatments for managing hyperparathyroidism?

Related terms

Calcimimetics:

Medications that mimic calcium to reduce PTH secretion.

Bisphosphonates:

Drugs that prevent bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

Vitamin D Analogs:

Synthetic forms of Vitamin D used to treat deficiencies and associated conditions like secondary hyperparathyroidism.