Corpus luteum

Definition

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland that forms in the ovary after the release of an egg during ovulation. It plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system by producing hormones essential for maintaining the early stages of pregnancy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The corpus luteum is formed from the follicle that released the egg during ovulation.
2. It produces high levels of the hormone progesterone, which is essential for preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy.
3. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will degenerate, leading to a decline in progesterone levels and the onset of menstruation.
4. If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone, supporting the early development of the placenta and embryo.
5. The lifespan of the corpus luteum is typically 10-14 days, unless the egg is fertilized, in which case it can persist for several months.

Review Questions

• Explain the role of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle.
  • The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland that forms in the ovary after ovulation. It plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle by producing high levels of the hormone progesterone. Progesterone prepares the uterine lining for implantation and helps maintain the early stages of pregnancy. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will degenerate, leading to a decline in progesterone levels and the onset of menstruation. However, if the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone, supporting the early development of the placenta and embryo.
• Describe the changes in the corpus luteum during pregnancy.
  • If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum will persist and continue to produce high levels of progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. The corpus luteum will grow in size and become more vascular to support the increased production of progesterone. This ensures that the uterine lining remains thick and nourished, providing a suitable environment for the implanting embryo. As the placenta develops, it will eventually take over the production of progesterone, and the corpus luteum will begin to degenerate and disappear, typically by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy.
• Analyze the importance of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system.
  • The corpus luteum is a critical component of the female reproductive system, as it plays a vital role in regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting early pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum produces progesterone, which prepares the uterine lining for implantation and maintains the early stages of pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decline in progesterone levels and the onset of menstruation. However, if the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum persists and continues to produce progesterone, supporting the early development of the placenta and embryo. Without the proper function of the corpus luteum, the female reproductive system would be unable to maintain a healthy pregnancy, highlighting its essential role in the reproductive process.

Related terms

Ovulation:

The release of a mature egg from the ovary, marking the midpoint of the menstrual cycle.

Progesterone:

A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains the early stages of pregnancy.

Menstrual Cycle:

The cyclical changes in the female reproductive system, including the development and release of an egg, as well as the buildup and shedding of the uterine lining.