Corpus luteum

Definition

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after an ovum has been released during ovulation. It plays a crucial role in the reproductive cycle by secreting hormones, primarily progesterone, which are essential for maintaining the uterine lining and supporting early pregnancy if fertilization occurs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The corpus luteum typically forms from the remnants of a mature follicle after ovulation and can last about 10 to 14 days if no pregnancy occurs.
2. If pregnancy does occur, the developing placenta takes over hormone production, and the corpus luteum is maintained for several weeks to support early gestation.
3. The corpus luteum is crucial for producing not only progesterone but also estrogen, both of which are necessary for preparing the endometrium for implantation.
4. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates into scar tissue called the corpus albicans, leading to a drop in hormone levels and triggering menstruation.
5. In some species, multiple corpora lutea can form, especially in cases of multiple ovulations, impacting litter size and reproductive success.

Review Questions

• How does the formation of the corpus luteum relate to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle?
  • The formation of the corpus luteum occurs after ovulation during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This structure secretes progesterone and estrogen, which are crucial for preparing and maintaining the uterine lining for possible implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization occurs, these hormones support early pregnancy. If not, hormone levels drop leading to menstruation as the corpus luteum degenerates.
• What role does progesterone play in relation to the corpus luteum and its function within reproduction?
  • Progesterone, produced by the corpus luteum, is essential for creating a suitable environment in the uterus for embryo implantation. It helps thicken the endometrial lining and inhibits uterine contractions that could disrupt a potential pregnancy. The presence of adequate progesterone is necessary for sustaining early pregnancy until placental hormones take over.
• Evaluate the impact of dysfunction or failure of the corpus luteum on reproductive health and outcomes.
  • Dysfunction or failure of the corpus luteum can significantly impact reproductive health by leading to insufficient progesterone production. This may result in difficulties maintaining pregnancy or experiencing irregular menstrual cycles. Conditions such as luteal phase defect can lead to infertility or recurrent miscarriages due to inadequate hormonal support for the uterine lining, highlighting the importance of a healthy corpus luteum in successful reproduction.

Related terms

Progesterone: A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg and helps maintain pregnancy.

Follicle: A fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains an immature egg; it develops into the corpus luteum after ovulation.

Menstrual Cycle:

The monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system, which includes phases of follicular development, ovulation, and luteal phase involving the corpus luteum.