Progesterone

Definition

Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries that plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy. It prepares the endometrium for potential implantation of an embryo.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Progesterone levels rise after ovulation during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle to prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
2. Synthetic forms of progesterone, known as progestins, are used in hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy.
3. In pregnancy, progesterone maintains the uterine lining and prevents contractions, which helps sustain the pregnancy.
4. Low levels of progesterone can lead to menstrual irregularities and difficulties with conception.
5. Progesterone receptors are found throughout the female reproductive system, including in the uterus, ovaries, and mammary glands.

Review Questions

• What is the primary role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
• How do synthetic progestins differ from natural progesterone?
• Why is progesterone important for maintaining pregnancy?

Related terms

Estrogen:

A hormone that regulates various functions in the female reproductive system and works alongside progesterone.

Luteal Phase:

The latter phase of the menstrual cycle when progesterone levels are elevated to prepare for possible pregnancy.

Progestins:

Synthetic forms of progesterone used in contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies.