Isoniazid

Definition

Isoniazid is an antibiotic commonly used to treat and prevent tuberculosis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of bacterial cell walls.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Isoniazid can affect vitamin B6 levels, leading to potential neurological side effects like peripheral neuropathy.
2. Patients on isoniazid therapy are often advised to take vitamin B6 supplements to mitigate neurological risks.
3. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, making liver function monitoring crucial during treatment.
4. Neurological symptoms such as seizures or encephalopathy can occur if there is toxicity due to overdose or prolonged use.
5. Its interaction with other medications, including certain anticonvulsants, can influence its efficacy and safety profile.

Review Questions

• What nutritional supplement is commonly recommended for patients taking isoniazid?
• Why is monitoring liver function important in patients undergoing isoniazid therapy?
• How does isoniazid potentially impact the neurological system?

Related terms

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): A vital nutrient that helps in neurotransmitter synthesis and prevents neuropathy associated with isoniazid use.

Peripheral Neuropathy:

A condition involving nerve damage that can cause weakness, numbness, and pain, often linked to vitamin deficiencies or drug side effects.

Anticonvulsants:

Medications used to prevent seizures that may interact with isoniazid, affecting its metabolism and efficacy.