Isoniazid

Definition

Isoniazid is an antibiotic used primarily to treat and prevent tuberculosis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the bacterial cell wall.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Isoniazid specifically targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2. It is often used in combination with other antibiotics to prevent drug resistance.
3. The drug can cause side effects like liver toxicity and peripheral neuropathy.
4. Isoniazid is a prodrug that requires activation by a bacterial enzyme called KatG.
5. The development of resistance to isoniazid can occur through mutations in the katG gene or alterations in the target site.

Review Questions

• What type of bacteria does isoniazid specifically target?
• Why is isoniazid often used in combination with other antibiotics?
• What are the main mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to isoniazid?

Related terms

Rifampin:

An antibiotic commonly used alongside isoniazid for treating tuberculosis.

Mycolic Acids:

Long fatty acids found in the cell walls of Mycobacterium species, targeted by isoniazid.

KatG Enzyme: A bacterial enzyme that activates the prodrug isoniazid within Mycobacterium tuberculosis.