Isoniazid

Definition

Isoniazid is an antibiotic used primarily to treat and prevent tuberculosis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the bacterial cell wall.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Isoniazid is often used in combination with other antitubercular drugs to prevent resistance.
2. The most common side effect of Isoniazid is peripheral neuropathy, which can be mitigated with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplementation.
3. Hepatotoxicity is a serious potential adverse effect, necessitating regular liver function monitoring during treatment.
4. Isoniazid can be used for both active tuberculosis treatment and as a prophylactic measure in latent TB infections.
5. Patients taking Isoniazid should avoid alcohol due to increased risk of liver damage.

Review Questions

• What are the primary uses of Isoniazid?
• Which vitamin supplement is recommended to mitigate one of the common side effects of Isoniazid?
• Why is regular liver function monitoring important for patients on Isoniazid?

Related terms

Rifampin:

An antibiotic commonly used in conjunction with Isoniazid to treat tuberculosis.

Pyridoxine:

Vitamin B6, often supplemented during Isoniazid therapy to prevent peripheral neuropathy.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI):

A state where TB bacteria are present in the body but inactive and not causing symptoms.