Goiter

Definition

A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can result from iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. It may present with symptoms like swelling at the base of the neck and can affect breathing or swallowing in severe cases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Iodine deficiency is a common cause of goiter worldwide.
2. Goiters can be classified as either diffuse (uniformly enlarged) or nodular (lumpy).
3. Symptoms of a goiter can include throat tightness, coughing, and difficulty swallowing or breathing.
4. Thyroid function tests such as TSH, T3, and T4 levels are used to diagnose the underlying cause of a goiter.
5. Treatment options for goiters may include iodine supplementation, thyroid hormone replacement, or surgery.

Review Questions

• What are the common causes of a goiter?
• How can a healthcare provider diagnose the underlying cause of a goiter?
• What are some potential complications associated with an untreated goiter?

Related terms

Iodine:

A crucial mineral required for thyroid hormone production; its deficiency can lead to goiter.

Thyroid Gland:

An endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism and growth.

Hypothyroidism:

A condition where the thyroid gland is underactive and produces insufficient thyroid hormones.