Goiter

Definition

A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, often resulting from iodine deficiency or autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. It can lead to various symptoms, including swelling in the neck and difficulties with breathing or swallowing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A goiter can be associated with both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
2. Iodine deficiency is a common cause of goiter globally.
3. Autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease can lead to the development of a goiter.
4. Goiters are more prevalent in women and older adults.
5. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, blood tests for thyroid function, and imaging studies like ultrasound.

Review Questions

• What are two autoimmune disorders that can cause a goiter?
• How does iodine deficiency contribute to the formation of a goiter?
• What are some common symptoms associated with a goiter?

Related terms

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis:

An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, often leading to hypothyroidism.

Graves' Disease: An autoimmune disorder that results in overactivity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).

Thyroid Function Tests: Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the thyroid gland is working by measuring levels of hormones such as TSH, T3, and T4.