Mycolic acids

Definition

Mycolic acids are long-chain fatty acids found in the cell walls of certain bacteria, notably Mycobacterium species. They contribute to the unique properties of these bacterial cell walls, such as resistance to desiccation and antibiotics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mycolic acids are primarily found in the cell walls of Mycobacterium species, including M. tuberculosis and M. leprae.
2. They provide a waxy, hydrophobic barrier that makes these bacteria resistant to many common antibiotics and disinfectants.
3. The presence of mycolic acids is a key reason why Mycobacterium species require acid-fast staining for microscopic visualization.
4. These acids contribute to the slow growth rate of mycobacteria due to their complex biosynthesis pathway.
5. Mycolic acids play a crucial role in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium by protecting against host immune responses.

Review Questions

• What types of bacteria are known for having mycolic acids in their cell walls?
• How do mycolic acids affect the staining procedures used for Mycobacterium species?
• Why do mycolic acids make Mycobacterium species more resistant to antibiotics?

Related terms

Acid-Fast Staining:

A special staining technique used to identify bacteria with high lipid content in their cell walls.

Mycobacterium:

A genus of Actinobacteria known for its complex cell wall structure containing mycolic acids.

Pathogenicity:

The ability of an organism to cause disease, often enhanced by factors like mycolic acids in some bacteria.