Summa theologica

Definition

The 'Summa Theologica' is a comprehensive theological work written by St. Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, aiming to provide a systematic exploration of Christian theology and philosophy. It covers various subjects including God, creation, morality, and human existence, integrating faith and reason. The text is organized in a question-and-answer format, which allows for thorough examination of complex theological issues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The 'Summa Theologica' is divided into three main parts: God, ethics, and Christ, each containing numerous questions that address specific theological issues.
2. Aquinas employs a method known as scholasticism in the 'Summa', emphasizing dialectical reasoning by presenting objections to his own views before providing answers.
3. The work is intended for both theologians and laypeople, making complex ideas more accessible through its structured format.
4. Aquinas' views on the immortality of the soul are notably detailed within the 'Summa', arguing that the soul exists independently of the body after death.
5. The 'Summa Theologica' remains a key text in Catholic theology and has influenced countless philosophers and theologians throughout history.

Review Questions

• How does Aquinas structure his arguments in the 'Summa Theologica' to address complex theological issues?
  • Aquinas structures his arguments in the 'Summa Theologica' using a method called scholasticism, which includes posing questions followed by objections and then providing his own answers. This format allows him to engage with opposing viewpoints and clarify his reasoning. By breaking down intricate topics into manageable parts, he helps readers understand complex theological concepts while demonstrating the relationship between faith and reason.
• In what ways does Aquinas connect the concept of natural law to moral decision-making in the 'Summa Theologica'?
  • In the 'Summa Theologica', Aquinas connects natural law to moral decision-making by asserting that humans can discern right from wrong through reason, which reflects God's eternal law. He argues that natural law is universal and applies to all people, guiding them towards good actions that align with their ultimate purpose. This understanding of morality as rooted in natural law influences ethical considerations in various contexts, linking human behavior to divine principles.
• Evaluate the impact of Aquinas' arguments about the immortality of the soul presented in the 'Summa Theologica' on contemporary theological discussions.
  • Aquinas' arguments regarding the immortality of the soul in the 'Summa Theologica' have had a profound influence on contemporary theological discussions. By presenting logical reasoning alongside scriptural evidence, he established a framework for understanding the soul's existence beyond physical life. This has shaped ongoing debates about human dignity, ethics, and life after death within various religious traditions. As scholars continue to engage with Aquinas' insights, they find relevance in addressing modern existential questions concerning identity and purpose.

Related terms

Aquinas: St. Thomas Aquinas was a medieval theologian and philosopher known for his influential works, including the 'Summa Theologica', that synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.

Natural Law: Natural law is a philosophical belief that certain rights and moral values are inherent in human nature and can be understood through reason, often discussed in the context of Aquinas' teachings.

Metaphysics:

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that explores the fundamental nature of reality, including concepts such as being, existence, and the universe, which are essential to Aquinas' arguments in the 'Summa Theologica'.