Summa theologica

Definition

The 'summa theologica' is a comprehensive theological work written by Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, which systematically addresses various theological questions and issues. This monumental text reflects the synthesis of faith and reason, integrating Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine, and has had a profound influence on medieval universities and scholastic thought, particularly in mathematics and logic.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The 'summa theologica' is divided into three main parts: the first part covers God and creation, the second part deals with moral theology, and the third part focuses on Christ and the sacraments.
2. Aquinas wrote the 'summa theologica' to provide a comprehensive guide for theology students in medieval universities, reflecting the educational goals of the time.
3. The work emphasizes the compatibility of faith and reason, arguing that truths of faith can be understood through rational inquiry.
4. Aquinas utilizes the method of questioning, providing objections followed by his own responses, which showcases the scholastic method of debate.
5. The 'summa theologica' has been regarded as one of the most important works in Western philosophy and theology, influencing later thinkers such as John Calvin and Martin Luther.

Review Questions

• How does the 'summa theologica' illustrate the principles of scholasticism in its approach to theology?
  • The 'summa theologica' exemplifies scholasticism by using dialectical reasoning to explore theological concepts. Aquinas presents questions about God, morality, and the sacraments, along with objections to his views, demonstrating the scholastic method of engaging with opposing ideas. This structured approach not only reflects a commitment to rigorous academic inquiry but also aims to reconcile faith with reason, which is a core principle of scholastic thought.
• Discuss the role of Aristotelian philosophy in shaping Aquinas's arguments within the 'summa theologica.'
  • Aristotelian philosophy plays a crucial role in shaping Aquinas's arguments in the 'summa theologica.' Aquinas adopts Aristotle's logical framework to systematically address theological questions, emphasizing rational explanations alongside faith. This integration allows Aquinas to articulate concepts such as causality and substance in relation to God and creation, showcasing how philosophical inquiry can enhance understanding of theological matters.
• Evaluate the impact of the 'summa theologica' on medieval universities and its legacy in modern theological education.
  • The 'summa theologica' had a profound impact on medieval universities by serving as a foundational text for theology students. It established a comprehensive framework for understanding Christian doctrine through a rational lens, shaping curriculum and pedagogical methods. Its legacy continues today in modern theological education, where Aquinas's integration of faith and reason remains influential, encouraging critical thinking and deep engagement with both philosophical and theological ideas.

Related terms

Scholasticism:

A medieval school of thought that aimed to reconcile faith with reason, using dialectical reasoning to enhance theological understanding.

Aquinas: Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican friar and theologian, known for his influential works on philosophy and theology, including the 'summa theologica.'

Aristotle: An ancient Greek philosopher whose ideas significantly influenced medieval scholastic thought, particularly through Aquinas's integration of his philosophy with Christian theology.