Ethanol

Definition

Ethanol is a type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and used in medical and industrial applications. In the context of pharmacology, it is relevant due to its effects on the central nervous system and potential for abuse.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ethanol acts as a central nervous system depressant, affecting neurotransmitter systems like GABA and glutamate.
2. Chronic ethanol use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms.
3. Disulfiram is a drug used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing sensitivity to ethanol.
4. Ethanol metabolism primarily occurs in the liver through enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).
5. Acamprosate and naltrexone are medications used to manage alcohol dependence by reducing cravings or blocking the euphoric effects of alcohol.

Review Questions

• What are the primary neurotransmitter systems affected by ethanol?
• Name two medications used in treating alcohol dependence.
• Which enzymes are involved in the metabolism of ethanol?

Related terms

Disulfiram:

A drug that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed.

Naltrexone:

An opioid antagonist that helps reduce cravings for alcohol.

Acamprosate:

A medication used to help maintain abstinence from alcohol after detoxification.