Peristalsis

Definition

Peristalsis is the series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus and continues throughout the intestines.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peristalsis is essential for moving food from the esophagus to the stomach and through the intestines.
2. These contractions are involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
3. Peristalsis also helps mix food with digestive enzymes and bile, aiding in nutrient absorption.
4. Disruptions in peristalsis can lead to digestive disorders such as GERD or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
5. Both circular and longitudinal muscles in the gastrointestinal tract walls are involved in creating peristaltic movements.

Review Questions

• What role does peristalsis play in digestion?
• Which muscles are involved in generating peristaltic movements?
• How can disruptions in peristalsis affect digestion?

Related terms

Autonomic Nervous System: The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):

A chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A common disorder affecting the large intestine, characterized by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation.