Peristalsis

Definition

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract that moves food through the digestive system. It also helps expel pathogens and debris from the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peristalsis is an important physical defense mechanism in the innate immune system.
2. It helps prevent microbial colonization by constantly moving contents through the digestive tract.
3. Peristaltic movement can be stimulated by toxins or irritants, which facilitates rapid expulsion of harmful substances.
4. The process involves both circular and longitudinal muscles working in coordination.
5. Peristalsis is not under voluntary control; it is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Review Questions

• What role does peristalsis play in preventing microbial colonization?
• How do toxins or irritants influence peristaltic movement?
• Which types of muscles are involved in peristalsis and how do they coordinate?

Related terms

Mucociliary Escalator:

A mechanism involving cilia and mucus to trap and move particles out of the respiratory tract.

Gastrointestinal Tract:

The pathway from the mouth to the anus where digestion and absorption occur.

Autonomic Nervous System:

The part of the nervous system responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions, including peristalsis.