Peristalsis is the involuntary, wave-like contractions of smooth muscles in the walls of the digestive tract. These contractions move food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
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Peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed.
The process is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and does not require conscious thought.
Peristaltic waves occur in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts.
In addition to moving food, peristalsis helps mix digestive enzymes with food to facilitate absorption.
Disruptions in peristalsis can lead to conditions such as acid reflux or intestinal blockages.
Review Questions
What role does peristalsis play in digestion?
How is peristalsis controlled within the body?
What might happen if peristalsis is disrupted?
Related terms
Bolus: A small rounded mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.
Autonomic Nervous System: Part of the nervous system responsible for control of bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing and heartbeat.
Digestive Enzymes: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions involved in breaking down food into nutrients.