Metformin

Definition

Metformin is an oral medication primarily used to manage blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Metformin can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and diarrhea, which may impact nutrient absorption.
2. The medication is often the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy and safety profile.
3. Metformin has been found to have a positive impact on weight management, which is crucial for patients with type 2 diabetes.
4. It may influence vitamin B12 levels, potentially leading to deficiency over long-term use.
5. Patients taking metformin need regular monitoring of kidney function due to its renal excretion.

Review Questions

• How does metformin affect blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes?
• What are some common gastrointestinal side effects of metformin that nurses should monitor?
• Why is it important to monitor vitamin B12 levels in patients who are on long-term metformin therapy?

Related terms

Insulin:

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.

Type 2 Diabetes:

A chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and impairment in the regulation of blood sugar.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A condition resulting from insufficient vitamin B12 intake or absorption, potentially leading to anemia and neurological issues.