Hyperkalemia

Definition

Hyperkalemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood. It can affect neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, potentially leading to severe health complications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Normal serum potassium levels range from 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L, and hyperkalemia is diagnosed when levels exceed 5.0 mmol/L.
2. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest.
3. Dietary intake high in potassium-rich foods can contribute to hyperkalemia, especially in patients with kidney dysfunction.
4. Certain medications such as ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics can increase the risk of developing hyperkalemia.
5. Treatment may involve dietary modifications, use of medications like diuretics or calcium gluconate, and emergency interventions like dialysis in severe cases.

Review Questions

• What is the normal range for serum potassium levels?
• Name two symptoms that could indicate hyperkalemia.
• How can diet influence the risk of developing hyperkalemia?

Related terms

Hypokalemia:

A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of potassium in the blood.

Electrolyte Imbalance: A condition where the levels of electrolytes in your body are either too high or too low.

Renal Function:

The ability of the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood and maintain electrolyte balance.