Adrenal insufficiency

Definition

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones, particularly cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. This can lead to symptoms like fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and skin changes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are two types of adrenal insufficiency: primary (Addison's disease) and secondary (due to pituitary gland dysfunction).
2. Nutritional support for patients with adrenal insufficiency includes maintaining adequate sodium intake due to potential hyponatremia.
3. Cortisol replacement therapy is a common treatment, often requiring adjustments based on stress levels or illness.
4. People with adrenal insufficiency might need increased doses of corticosteroids during times of physical stress or illness.
5. Symptoms can be managed through a balanced diet rich in protein, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats to support overall endocrine health.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of adrenal insufficiency and how do they differ?
• Why is maintaining adequate sodium intake important for patients with adrenal insufficiency?
• What dietary considerations should be made for someone managing adrenal insufficiency?

Related terms

Cortisol:

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a vital role in metabolism and stress response

Aldosterone:

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure by managing sodium and potassium levels

Addison's Disease: A form of primary adrenal insufficiency characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone