Sucrose

Definition

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It is commonly known as table sugar and plays a key role in microbial metabolism and oral health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sucrose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme sucrase into glucose and fructose.
2. In the oral cavity, sucrose can be fermented by bacteria to produce acids that lead to dental caries.
3. Streptococcus mutans metabolizes sucrose to form dextran, contributing to plaque formation on teeth.
4. Sucrose is not only a nutrient source but also affects microbial adhesion to surfaces in the mouth.
5. Chronic consumption of sucrose-rich diets is linked with higher incidences of cavities and periodontal disease.

Review Questions

• What are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose?
• How does Streptococcus mutans utilize sucrose in the mouth?
• Why is sucrose considered a risk factor for dental caries?

Related terms

Glucose:

A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

Fructose:

A hexose sugar found in many plants; it combines with glucose to form sucrose.

Dental Caries:

Decay or crumbling of a tooth caused by bacterial activity on sugars such as sucrose.