Dental caries

Definition

Dental caries, commonly known as cavities, are the result of tooth decay caused primarily by bacterial action on fermentable carbohydrates. These bacteria metabolize sugars to produce acids that demineralize the tooth enamel and dentin.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Streptococcus mutans is the primary bacterium involved in the formation of dental caries.
2. Dental plaque is a biofilm that harbors cariogenic bacteria on the tooth surface.
3. Fluoride helps to prevent dental caries by enhancing remineralization and inhibiting bacterial metabolism.
4. Sucrose is particularly cariogenic because it can be converted into both acid and glucans by oral bacteria.
5. Caries progression involves stages: initial demineralization, cavitation of enamel, and eventual pulp involvement if untreated.

Review Questions

• Which bacterium is most commonly associated with dental caries?
• How does fluoride help in preventing dental caries?
• What role does sucrose play in the development of dental caries?

Related terms

Biofilm:

A complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate.

Demineralization: The process by which minerals are removed from the tooth structure, often leading to cavities.

Fluoride: A mineral that strengthens tooth enamel and inhibits the activity of cariogenic bacteria.