Glucose

Definition

Glucose is a simple sugar and an essential energy source for cells. It is a primary product of photosynthesis and a key player in cellular respiration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
2. It plays a crucial role in the glycolysis pathway, where it is broken down to produce ATP.
3. In the context of microbial biochemistry, many bacteria utilize glucose as their primary carbon source.
4. Oral bacteria can metabolize glucose to form acids that contribute to dental caries (tooth decay).
5. The regulation of blood glucose levels is vital for human health, with imbalances leading to conditions such as diabetes.

Review Questions

• What is the molecular formula of glucose?
• How do oral bacteria use glucose in relation to dental health?
• Why is glucose important in cellular respiration?

Related terms

Glycolysis:

A metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP.

Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate, consisting of one sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose.

Cellular Respiration: A process by which cells convert sugars into energy (ATP), involving glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.