Lactic acid

Definition

Lactic acid is an organic acid produced by certain bacteria through fermentation. It plays a role in maintaining the pH balance in various parts of the body, including the urogenital and digestive systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lactic acid is produced by Lactobacillus species, which are part of the normal microbiota of the urogenital tract.
2. In the oral cavity, lactic acid is a byproduct of carbohydrate fermentation by oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans.
3. Lactic acid helps maintain an acidic environment in the vagina, which inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
4. High levels of lactic acid in the mouth can lead to dental caries due to enamel demineralization.
5. Infections or imbalances in lactic acid-producing bacteria can result in conditions such as bacterial vaginosis.

Review Questions

• What role does lactic acid play in maintaining vaginal health?
• Which types of bacteria are primarily responsible for lactic acid production in the urogenital tract?
• How does lactic acid contribute to dental caries formation?

Related terms

Lactobacillus:

A genus of bacteria known for producing lactic acid and being part of the normal microbiota.

Streptococcus mutans:

A type of bacteria found in the oral cavity that ferments carbohydrates to produce lactic acid.

Bacterial Vaginosis:

A condition characterized by an imbalance in vaginal microbiota, often involving a decrease in lactic acid-producing bacteria.