Streptococcus mutans

Definition

Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium primarily found in the human oral cavity. It plays a significant role in the development of dental caries (tooth decay).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Streptococcus mutans metabolizes sugars to produce lactic acid, leading to enamel demineralization.
2. It forms biofilms on teeth surfaces, contributing to plaque formation.
3. The bacterium's ability to produce glucans from sucrose enhances its adherence to tooth surfaces.
4. S. mutans can transfer genetic material through horizontal gene transfer, increasing its virulence.
5. High carbohydrate diets can increase the proliferation of S. mutans, exacerbating tooth decay.

Review Questions

• What role does Streptococcus mutans play in dental caries?
• How does Streptococcus mutans adhere to tooth surfaces?
• Why do high carbohydrate diets promote the growth of Streptococcus mutans?

Related terms

Lactic Acid:

An organic acid produced by S. mutans during sugar metabolism that contributes to tooth decay.

Biofilm:

A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix.

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The movement of genetic materials between bacteria, contributing to increased virulence and antibiotic resistance.