Defensins

Definition

Defensins are small, antimicrobial peptides produced by various cells, including epithelial cells and neutrophils. They play a crucial role in the innate immune system by disrupting the membranes of pathogens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Defensins can be classified into alpha-defensins and beta-defensins based on their structure.
2. They are active against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
3. Defensins are found in various body fluids and tissues, including skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
4. They function by inserting themselves into microbial membranes, causing leakage and cell death.
5. Production of defensins can be upregulated in response to infection or inflammation.

Review Questions

• What are the two main classes of defensins?
• How do defensins typically kill microbes?
• In which parts of the body are defensins commonly found?

Related terms

Neutrophils:

A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens.

Antimicrobial Peptides:

Short proteins that have the ability to kill microbial organisms.

Innate Immune System:

The first line of defense against pathogens, consisting of physical barriers, chemical defenses, and immune cells.