Antimicrobial peptides

Definition

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins that play a crucial role in the innate immune response by directly killing a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They are produced by various cells in the body and are particularly abundant in the skin and eyes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. AMPs are part of the first line of defense against infections on the skin and eyes.
2. They can disrupt microbial cell membranes, leading to pathogen death.
3. AMP production can be triggered by microbial invasion or injury to the skin or eyes.
4. Deficiencies or imbalances in AMPs can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.
5. Common examples of AMPs include defensins and cathelicidins.

Review Questions

• What role do antimicrobial peptides play in the innate immune system?
• How do AMPs kill pathogens?
• Name two common types of antimicrobial peptides found in human skin.

Related terms

Defensins:

A type of antimicrobial peptide that is effective against bacteria, fungi, and many enveloped viruses.

Cathelicidins:

Another class of antimicrobial peptides that help protect against bacterial infections and promote wound healing.

Innate Immunity:

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, involving mechanisms like physical barriers and antimicrobial peptides.