Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. It emphasizes the act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the artwork, rather than a focus on representational forms. This movement includes various techniques such as action painting, which prioritizes dynamic brushwork, and color field painting, which explores large areas of color to evoke emotions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism originated in the United States after World War II and marked a shift in the art world from Europe to America as a center of modern art.
2. Jackson Pollock is one of the most famous figures associated with abstract expressionism, known for his drip paintings that reflect his unique process of laying canvas on the ground and pouring paint onto it.
3. The movement's artists sought to express their inner emotions and ideas through abstract forms rather than traditional representational techniques.
4. Abstract expressionism was influenced by earlier movements like surrealism, which emphasized subconscious thought and spontaneous creation.
5. Critics initially viewed abstract expressionism as chaotic, but it later gained recognition for its innovative approach to painting and its impact on contemporary art.

Review Questions

• How did Jackson Pollock's techniques embody the principles of abstract expressionism?
  • Jackson Pollock's techniques were quintessential to abstract expressionism as they focused on the physical act of painting itself. His drip paintings exemplified action painting, where he would pour or splatter paint onto canvases laid on the ground, allowing for spontaneous movement and emotional intensity. This method highlighted the process over the final product, reflecting the core ideals of abstract expressionism by emphasizing individual expression and emotional depth.
• In what ways did color field painting differ from action painting within abstract expressionism?
  • Color field painting differs from action painting primarily in its approach and visual outcome. While action painting focuses on vigorous brushwork and the physicality of applying paint, color field painting aims for larger expanses of color that create a more meditative experience. Artists like Mark Rothko used vast areas of color to evoke feelings and spirituality, contrasting with the dynamic energy found in action painting exemplified by Jackson Pollock.
• Evaluate the impact of abstract expressionism on the global art scene and its legacy in contemporary art.
  • Abstract expressionism significantly impacted the global art scene by establishing New York City as a new center for modern art after World War II, moving away from European influences. Its emphasis on individual expression paved the way for various contemporary movements that prioritize personal interpretation over traditional forms. The legacy of abstract expressionism can be seen in how it encouraged artists to experiment with materials and methods, leading to diverse styles such as postmodern art, installation art, and performance art that continue to challenge conventional boundaries today.

Related terms

Action Painting:

A style within abstract expressionism that involves dynamic, gestural brushstrokes and emphasizes the physical act of painting.

Color Field Painting:

A technique associated with abstract expressionism that features large areas of color to create emotional resonance and a sense of flatness.

New York School:

A group of artists based in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s who played a significant role in developing abstract expressionism and emphasized individuality in artistic expression.