Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation, emphasizing the act of painting itself as a form of expression. This movement prioritizes emotional experience over representation, often leading to non-representational forms and vibrant colors. It represents a significant shift in the art world, where artists sought to convey their inner feelings and experiences through abstraction rather than traditional forms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism was heavily influenced by the events of World War II, reflecting a sense of disillusionment and a search for meaning in chaotic times.
2. Key figures in this movement include artists like Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning, who used different styles to express their unique visions.
3. The movement marked a transition from European dominance in the art world to American leadership, particularly centered around New York City.
4. The use of unconventional materials and techniques, such as pouring and dripping paint, became hallmarks of abstract expressionist works.
5. Exhibitions such as 'The Irascibles' showcased the work of abstract expressionists and helped gain public recognition for this revolutionary movement.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism change the approach to art-making compared to previous movements?
  • Abstract expressionism shifted the focus from representational art to an emphasis on personal expression and the process of creation itself. Artists moved away from traditional techniques and subjects to prioritize emotion, spontaneity, and individual experience. This change allowed for a more dynamic interaction between the artist and the canvas, resulting in artworks that captured raw feelings rather than adhering to established forms.
• Discuss the significance of artists associated with abstract expressionism in shaping modern art.
  • Artists like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko played crucial roles in defining abstract expressionism by introducing innovative techniques that challenged conventional norms. Pollock's action painting technique showcased the physicality of paint application, while Rothko's color field paintings emphasized emotional resonance through color. Their contributions not only transformed individual artistic practices but also influenced the trajectory of contemporary art, positioning abstraction as a vital form of artistic expression.
• Evaluate the impact of cultural and historical contexts on the development of abstract expressionism.
  • The emergence of abstract expressionism was deeply influenced by the cultural and historical contexts of its time, particularly post-World War II America. The trauma and disillusionment caused by the war led many artists to seek new modes of expression that reflected their inner turmoil and societal anxieties. Additionally, as Europe grappled with recovery, America became a central hub for avant-garde art movements. This shift not only facilitated a new American identity in art but also established New York City as a global center for modern art, fundamentally altering how art was perceived and created.

Related terms

Action painting: A technique within abstract expressionism where paint is applied to the canvas in a dynamic and gestural manner, focusing on the physical act of painting.

Color Field painting: A style of abstract expressionism that emphasizes large areas of color and simple shapes to evoke emotional responses, rather than detailed forms.

New York School: A group of artists associated with abstract expressionism who were based in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s, known for their innovative approaches to painting.