Cluster Sampling

Definition

Cluster sampling is a statistical method used to select a sample from a larger population by dividing it into separate groups, known as clusters, and then randomly selecting entire clusters to represent the population. This technique is particularly useful when the population is large and spread out geographically, as it reduces the cost and time of data collection while maintaining the ability to gather representative data.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cluster sampling can significantly lower costs and improve efficiency when dealing with large populations, especially when members are dispersed over a wide area.
2. In cluster sampling, entire clusters are chosen rather than individual members, which means that all members within selected clusters are included in the sample.
3. This method can introduce a higher risk of sampling error if the clusters are not homogeneous, leading to less variability within clusters compared to the overall population.
4. Cluster sampling can be single-stage, where whole clusters are selected at once, or two-stage, where clusters are first selected and then a random sample is taken from within those clusters.
5. It is important to ensure that the clusters are representative of the population; otherwise, results may be biased and not accurately reflect the larger group.

Review Questions

• How does cluster sampling differ from other sampling techniques like stratified sampling?
  • Cluster sampling differs from stratified sampling primarily in how samples are selected. In cluster sampling, entire groups or clusters are randomly selected, and every member within those clusters is included in the sample. In contrast, stratified sampling involves dividing the population into strata based on specific characteristics and then randomly selecting individuals from each stratum. This means that while cluster sampling can save time and resources when dealing with large populations, stratified sampling may provide more precise estimates by ensuring representation from different segments of the population.
• What are some advantages and disadvantages of using cluster sampling in data collection?
  • The advantages of cluster sampling include reduced costs and logistical challenges since entire clusters can be surveyed without needing to access each individual member. It's especially beneficial for geographically dispersed populations. However, a significant disadvantage is the potential for increased sampling error if the chosen clusters are not representative of the overall population. This can lead to biased results, particularly if there’s a lack of diversity within the clusters selected for study.
• Evaluate how the effectiveness of cluster sampling might be impacted by the homogeneity or heterogeneity of selected clusters.
  • The effectiveness of cluster sampling heavily relies on the homogeneity or heterogeneity of selected clusters. If the chosen clusters are homogeneous, meaning members share similar characteristics, the sample may not capture the full diversity of the population. This could lead to skewed results that do not reflect broader trends. Conversely, heterogeneous clusters might provide a more varied representation; however, selecting only a few could still result in missing important segments of the population. Thus, careful consideration must be given to how clusters are formed to ensure they adequately represent the overall diversity of the population.

Related terms

Stratified Sampling:

A sampling technique that involves dividing the population into subgroups, or strata, based on specific characteristics, and then randomly selecting samples from each stratum.

Random Sampling: A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, ensuring that the sample is representative of the whole population.

Sampling Frame: A complete list of all members of the population from which a sample is drawn, crucial for ensuring accurate and unbiased sampling.