Synapses

Definition

Synapses are junctions between two neurons where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted. They play a crucial role in neural communication and signal processing in the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are two main types of synapses: chemical and electrical.
2. Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters to send signals across a synaptic cleft.
3. Electrical synapses allow direct passage of ions and signaling molecules through gap junctions.
4. Synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, which is essential for learning and memory.
5. The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters, while the postsynaptic neuron has receptors to receive them.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of synapses?
• How do chemical synapses transmit signals?
• Why is synaptic plasticity important?

Related terms

Neurotransmitter: Chemicals released by neurons at the synapse to transmit signals to other neurons.

Presynaptic Neuron: The neuron that sends the signal across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters.

Postsynaptic Neuron: The neuron that receives the signal from a presynaptic neuron at the synapse.