Synapses

Definition

Synapses are specialized junctions where neurons communicate with each other or with effector cells. They facilitate the transmission of electrical or chemical signals between cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Synapses can be either chemical or electrical, with chemical synapses being more common in the human nervous system.
2. Neurotransmitters are chemicals released by neurons at the synapse to transmit signals to other neurons.
3. The synaptic cleft is the small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells where neurotransmitters are released.
4. Synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), is crucial for learning and memory.
5. Glial cells, especially astrocytes, play a significant role in maintaining synaptic function and health.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of synapses found in the nervous system?
• How do neurotransmitters function at a chemical synapse?
• Why is synaptic plasticity important for cognitive functions such as learning and memory?

Related terms

Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Synaptic Cleft: The small gap between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

Astrocyte: A type of glial cell involved in supporting neurons and maintaining the environment around synapses.