Prokaryote

Definition

Prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. They are simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells and include bacteria and archaea.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Prokaryotes have circular DNA that is located in a region called the nucleoid.
2. They reproduce asexually through binary fission.
3. Prokaryotic cells often have cell walls made of peptidoglycan (bacteria) or pseudopeptidoglycan (archaea).
4. They lack membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
5. Some prokaryotes have specialized structures like flagella or pili for movement and adhesion.

Review Questions

• What type of genetic material do prokaryotes possess and where is it located?
• How do prokaryotes typically reproduce?
• Name one structural feature that differentiates bacterial cell walls from archaeal cell walls.

Related terms

Eukaryote: Organism whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Binary Fission: A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where the cell divides into two genetically identical cells.

Peptidoglycan: A polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.