Ovarian cycle

Definition

The ovarian cycle is a series of hormonal and physiological changes in the ovaries that prepare an ovum for fertilization. It includes the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The follicular phase starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation.
2. Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day cycle when a mature egg is released from the ovary.
3. The luteal phase follows ovulation and involves the formation of the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone.
4. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are critical for regulating the ovarian cycle.
5. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to menstruation.

Review Questions

• What are the three main phases of the ovarian cycle?
• How do FSH and LH influence the ovarian cycle?
• What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

Related terms

Follicular Phase:

The first phase of the ovarian cycle during which follicles in the ovary mature.

Ovulation:

The release of a mature egg from one of the ovaries.

Luteal Phase: The final phase of the ovarian cycle characterized by progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum.