Endocardium

Definition

The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. It plays a crucial role in maintaining a smooth blood flow and preventing clot formation within the heart.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The endocardium is composed of endothelial cells, which are similar to those lining blood vessels.
2. It provides a protective barrier between the heart muscles (myocardium) and the blood within the chambers.
3. The thickness of the endocardium varies between different parts of the heart, being thinner in atria than in ventricles.
4. Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium usually caused by bacterial infection.
5. The Purkinje fibers, part of the heart's conduction system, are located just beneath or within this layer.

Review Questions

• What type of cells make up the endocardium?
• How does the endocardium contribute to preventing blood clots within the heart?
• Where are Purkinje fibers located relative to the endocardium?

Related terms

Myocardium: The muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for contracting and pumping blood.

Epicardium: The outermost layer of the heart wall that provides protection and reduces friction with surrounding structures.

Endothelium:

A thin layer of cells lining blood vessels and lymphatic vessels as well as forming part of various organs including the endocardium.