Social model of disability

Definition

The social model of disability views disability as a result of the interaction between individuals and a society that does not accommodate their differences. It emphasizes that societal barriers, rather than the impairments themselves, are what disable people, shifting the focus from 'fixing' individuals to addressing systemic issues that create inequality. This perspective connects to issues such as discrimination, representation in media, and health disparities faced by disabled individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The social model emerged as a response to the medical model of disability, which focuses on diagnosing and treating impairments rather than considering societal factors.
2. It promotes the idea that changing societal attitudes and structures is essential for empowering disabled individuals and improving their quality of life.
3. Legislation such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) reflects principles from the social model by mandating accommodations in public spaces.
4. In media representation, the social model encourages portrayals of disabled individuals that highlight their capabilities and experiences rather than depicting them solely through a lens of pity or tragedy.
5. Health inequities related to disability often stem from systemic barriers in accessing quality care and support services, which are addressed through the lens of the social model.

Review Questions

• How does the social model of disability challenge traditional views of impairment?
  • The social model of disability challenges traditional views by arguing that it is not the impairment itself that limits individuals but rather societal barriers and attitudes. It shifts the focus from viewing disabilities solely as medical conditions needing treatment to recognizing how societal structures need to adapt to accommodate diverse needs. This perspective advocates for removing obstacles and fostering inclusivity in various aspects of life.
• Discuss how the social model of disability informs our understanding of ableism and its effects on marginalized communities.
  • The social model highlights ableism as a significant factor that creates barriers for disabled individuals. It shows how societal norms and prejudices can marginalize disabled people by denying them equal opportunities. By understanding ableism through this lens, we can see how it not only impacts those with disabilities but also intersects with other forms of discrimination based on race, gender, and socioeconomic status, leading to compounded disadvantages.
• Evaluate the impact of the social model of disability on media representation and healthcare access for disabled individuals.
  • The social model's impact on media representation has led to a shift towards more authentic portrayals of disabled individuals as active participants in society rather than victims. In healthcare, it emphasizes the need for accessibility and equitable treatment, advocating for systemic changes that address health inequities. By focusing on societal barriers rather than individual deficits, this approach calls for more inclusive policies and practices in both media and healthcare settings.

Related terms

Ableism: A form of discrimination or social prejudice against people with disabilities, often resulting in systemic inequalities and barriers that marginalize them.

Accessibility:

The design of products, devices, services, or environments so they are usable by people with disabilities, aiming to remove barriers and promote inclusion.

Intersectionality:

A framework for understanding how various forms of social stratification, such as race, gender, class, and disability, interact to shape individual experiences of privilege and oppression.