Social Model of Disability

Definition

The social model of disability is a framework that understands disability as a result of the interaction between individuals and societal barriers rather than an individual's impairment. This model emphasizes that society must change to accommodate people with disabilities, focusing on accessibility, inclusion, and the removal of obstacles that prevent equal participation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The social model of disability emerged in the late 20th century as a response to the limitations of the medical model, promoting a more inclusive understanding of disability.
2. According to this model, barriers include physical obstacles like inaccessible buildings and societal attitudes that perpetuate stigma and discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
3. This model advocates for systemic changes in policies, practices, and attitudes to create a more inclusive society for everyone.
4. Activism driven by the social model has led to significant legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which aims to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities.
5. Education about the social model can empower individuals with disabilities to challenge discrimination and advocate for their rights within society.

Review Questions

• How does the social model of disability differ from the medical model in terms of understanding disability?
  • The social model of disability differs from the medical model by shifting the focus from an individual's impairment to the societal barriers that create disability. While the medical model views disability as a personal deficiency requiring treatment or intervention, the social model sees disability as a consequence of inadequate accessibility and discriminatory attitudes within society. This distinction is crucial for understanding how to create a more inclusive environment that accommodates everyone.
• What role do societal attitudes play in perpetuating disability discrimination according to the social model?
  • According to the social model of disability, societal attitudes significantly contribute to discrimination by reinforcing stereotypes and misconceptions about individuals with disabilities. These negative perceptions can lead to exclusion from opportunities in education, employment, and community life. By challenging and changing these attitudes through education and awareness, society can help dismantle barriers and promote inclusivity for all individuals.
• Evaluate the impact of legislation inspired by the social model of disability on society's treatment of individuals with disabilities.
  • Legislation inspired by the social model of disability, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), has had a profound impact on society by mandating accessibility in public spaces and protecting against discrimination. This legal framework encourages businesses and institutions to consider the needs of individuals with disabilities actively. The resulting cultural shift promotes greater awareness, acceptance, and inclusion, ultimately transforming how society perceives and interacts with people who have disabilities.

Related terms

Medical Model of Disability: A perspective that views disability primarily as a defect or impairment within an individual, focusing on diagnosis and treatment rather than societal changes.

Accessibility: The design of products, devices, services, or environments for people with disabilities, ensuring that they can access and benefit from them equally.

Discrimination:

The unjust or prejudicial treatment of individuals based on their disability status, often resulting in social exclusion and inequity.