Ethnic nationalism

Definition

Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism where a group of people shares a common ethnicity, culture, language, or heritage, often seeking to establish or maintain a nation-state based on these shared characteristics. This type of nationalism emphasizes the importance of ethnic identity in defining national belonging, which can lead to a strong sense of community but also potential conflicts with other ethnic groups.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ethnic nationalism often emerges in response to perceived threats against the culture or identity of an ethnic group, driving efforts for political autonomy or independence.
2. This type of nationalism can manifest in various ways, including movements for independence, cultural preservation initiatives, and even exclusionary policies against other groups.
3. Ethnic nationalism played a significant role in the disintegration of multi-ethnic states in the 20th century, such as the former Yugoslavia.
4. It can create tension between different ethnic groups within a state, leading to conflicts that can escalate into violence or civil wars.
5. Modern examples of ethnic nationalism include movements among Kurds in the Middle East and Catalans in Spain, both seeking recognition or independence based on their unique ethnic identities.

Review Questions

• How does ethnic nationalism differ from civic nationalism in terms of community identity?
  • Ethnic nationalism is rooted in shared ethnicity, culture, and heritage, focusing on a homogeneous community defined by these traits. In contrast, civic nationalism is based on citizenship and shared values rather than ethnic background. This means that civic nationalism promotes inclusivity among diverse ethnicities within a nation, while ethnic nationalism can lead to exclusivity and division based on ethnic lines.
• Discuss the implications of self-determination as it relates to ethnic nationalism and conflicts it may create.
  • Self-determination is a core principle for many ethnic nationalists who believe that their group should have the right to govern itself and maintain its cultural identity. This desire for autonomy can lead to conflicts with existing states that may fear losing territory or power. For example, when an ethnic group seeks independence or greater rights within a multi-ethnic country, it can result in tensions or violence between the state and the ethnic community.
• Evaluate the impact of ethnic nationalism on global politics today and how it shapes national boundaries and conflicts.
  • Ethnic nationalism significantly influences global politics by reshaping national boundaries and contributing to both unification and fragmentation of states. As various ethnic groups assert their identities and demands for autonomy or independence grow stronger, this can lead to the reconfiguration of political landscapes. The rise of ethnic nationalist movements has sparked conflicts in several regions, highlighting issues related to governance, cultural preservation, and international relations. Furthermore, these dynamics challenge traditional notions of sovereignty and complicate diplomatic efforts aimed at maintaining peace.

Related terms

Civic Nationalism:

A form of nationalism that focuses on shared citizenship and values rather than ethnic identity, promoting inclusivity across different ethnic groups within a nation.

Self-determination:

The principle that a group has the right to determine its political status and pursue its economic, social, and cultural development, often linked to the aspirations of ethnic nationalists.

National Identity: The sense of belonging to a specific nation, often influenced by shared culture, history, and values, which can be shaped by both civic and ethnic nationalistic sentiments.