Ethnic nationalism

Definition

Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism where the nation is defined by shared ethnic characteristics such as language, culture, and ancestry, rather than by citizenship or political boundaries. This concept emphasizes the importance of a common ethnic identity as the foundation for national unity and self-determination, often leading to the desire for an independent state or autonomy for that ethnic group.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ethnic nationalism can lead to a strong sense of pride and belonging among members of an ethnic group, often manifesting in movements for greater autonomy or independence.
2. In New Zealand, the rise of Māori nationalism is an example of ethnic nationalism, where the Māori people seek recognition and rights based on their distinct cultural identity.
3. Ethnic nationalism has been associated with both positive outcomes, such as cultural revitalization, and negative consequences, such as conflict and exclusion of minority groups.
4. The emergence of ethnic nationalism often intensifies during periods of social or political upheaval, as marginalized groups rally around their ethnic identity for empowerment.
5. Historical events like the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s illustrate how ethnic nationalism can lead to violent conflicts when different ethnic groups vie for political power and territorial claims.

Review Questions

• How does ethnic nationalism differ from civic nationalism in terms of defining national identity?
  • Ethnic nationalism differs from civic nationalism in that it bases national identity on shared ethnicity, including language, culture, and heritage. In contrast, civic nationalism focuses on citizenship and shared political values as the basis for national identity. This distinction is important because while ethnic nationalism can promote unity within a specific group, it can also lead to exclusion or conflict with those who do not share the same ethnic background.
• Discuss the role of ethnic nationalism in New Zealand's Māori rights movement and its impact on self-governance efforts.
  • Ethnic nationalism plays a significant role in New Zealand's Māori rights movement as it emphasizes the unique cultural identity and heritage of the Māori people. This has led to demands for greater self-governance and recognition of treaty rights. The movement seeks to empower Māori communities by advocating for their interests in political representation, resource management, and cultural preservation, reflecting a broader trend toward recognizing indigenous rights in many countries.
• Evaluate the implications of ethnic nationalism on social cohesion within multicultural societies, particularly in the context of New Zealand's diverse population.
  • Ethnic nationalism can create challenges for social cohesion within multicultural societies like New Zealand by fostering divisions between different ethnic groups. While it can strengthen community bonds among members of the same ethnicity, it may also lead to tensions with other groups who feel excluded or marginalized. This dynamic underscores the importance of promoting inclusive national narratives that honor diversity while balancing the aspirations of various ethnic identities with the need for unity and cooperation in a pluralistic society.

Related terms

National Identity: The sense of belonging to a particular nation, influenced by shared culture, history, language, and values.

Self-Determination: The principle that nations have the right to freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.

Civic Nationalism: A form of nationalism that defines the nation based on shared citizenship and political values rather than ethnicity.